G1 Commission’s Rules

C. 80 meters, 40 meters, 20 meters, and 15 meters

Under 47 CFR 97.301(d), General class operators get only part of the 80, 40, 20 and 15 meter bands, because each has segments reserved for Amateur Extra (and grandfathered Advanced) licensees: 3.500 to 3.525 and 3.600 to 3.800 MHz, 7.000 to 7.025 and 7.125 to 7.175 MHz, 14.000 to 14.025 and 14.150 to 14.225 MHz, and 21.000 to 21.025 and 21.200 to 21.275 MHz. On the other MF and HF bands, General has the same frequencies as Amateur Extra.

• A. General licensees may use all of 60, 30, 17 and 12 meters; none of these bands has a segment reserved for higher classes.
• B. Of these four bands, only 15 meters has segments General cannot use; General has full access to 160, 60 and 12 meters.
• D. General licensees may use the entire 10 meter band (28.000 to 29.700 MHz), so this list wrongly includes 10 meters in place of 40 meters.

Pool citation: 97.301(d)

B. 30 meters

Under 47 CFR 97.305(c), the only emissions listed for the 30 meter band (10.100 to 10.150 MHz) are RTTY and data, and 97.305(a) adds CW, which is allowed on any authorized frequency. Phone is not listed for any part of 30 meters, so voice operation there is prohibited.

• A. 160 meters authorizes phone across the entire band (1.800 to 2.000 MHz) under 97.305(c).
• C. 17 meters has a phone segment from 18.110 to 18.168 MHz.
• D. 12 meters has a phone segment from 24.930 to 24.990 MHz.

Pool citation: 97.305

B. 30 meters

Image emissions, such as slow-scan TV and facsimile, are allowed only where 47 CFR 97.305(c) lists them, and the 30 meter band (10.100 to 10.150 MHz) lists only RTTY and data, with CW allowed by 97.305(a). With no phone or image segment, image transmission is prohibited on 30 meters.

• A. 160 meters authorizes phone and image across the entire band.
• C. 20 meters authorizes phone and image from 14.150 to 14.350 MHz; slow-scan TV is commonly heard near 14.230 MHz.
• D. 12 meters authorizes phone and image from 24.930 to 24.990 MHz.

Pool citation: 97.305

A. 7.125 MHz to 7.175 MHz

Under 47 CFR 97.301, the 40 meter segment from 7.125 to 7.175 MHz is available only to Amateur Extra and Advanced class operators; General phone privileges on 40 meters start at 7.175 MHz. A General class licensee therefore may not be the control operator of a station transmitting there.

• B. General licensees may use the entire 10 meter band, including 28.000 to 28.025 MHz; unlike 80, 40, 20 and 15 meters, 10 meters has no Extra-only segment at its low edge.
• C. 21.275 to 21.300 MHz lies inside the General phone segment on 15 meters (21.275 to 21.450 MHz).
• D. Only 7.125 to 7.175 MHz is off-limits to General licensees; the 10 and 15 meter ranges listed are General privileges.

Pool citation: 97.301(d)

C. Amateur stations must not cause harmful interference to primary users and must accept interference from primary users

The introduction to 47 CFR 97.303 states that a station in a secondary service must not cause harmful interference to, and must accept interference from, stations in a primary service. Amateurs may use a secondary band at any time for any authorized purpose, as long as they protect the primary users.

• A. No rule requires recording a primary station's call sign; the obligation is to avoid interfering with primary users.
• B. Secondary status does not limit use to emergencies; bands where amateurs are secondary, such as 70 cm, carry everyday amateur activity.
• D. Secondary status sets no operating hours; it defines who must protect whom from interference.

Pool citation: 97.303

D. The entire band

Under 47 CFR 97.305(a), CW is authorized on any frequency available to the control operator, and 97.301(d) gives General class operators the entire 10 meter band, 28.000 to 29.700 MHz. A General class control operator may therefore send CW anywhere on 10 meters.

• A. 28.000 to 28.025 MHz is not a special segment; 10 meters has no Extra-only CW segment like those at the bottom of 80, 40, 20 and 15 meters, and CW is allowed across the whole band.
• B. 28.000 to 28.300 MHz is the 10 meter RTTY and data segment, but CW is not limited to it; CW is permitted throughout the band.
• C. 28.025 to 28.300 MHz combines the data segment with an Extra-only segment that 10 meters does not have; CW is allowed from 28.000 to 29.700 MHz.

Pool citation: 97.305(a)

B. 80 meters, 40 meters, 20 meters, and 15 meters

Comparing 47 CFR 97.301(b) with the Advanced and General tables leaves Amateur Extra licensees with exclusive segments on four HF bands: 3.500 to 3.525 and 3.600 to 3.700 MHz on 80/75 meters, 7.000 to 7.025 MHz on 40 meters, 14.000 to 14.025 and 14.150 to 14.175 MHz on 20 meters, and 21.000 to 21.025 and 21.200 to 21.225 MHz on 15 meters. The other HF bands are shared in full with General and Advanced licensees.

• A. 60, 30, 17, 12 and 10 meters have no Extra-only segments, so not every HF band has one.
• C. Besides 160 and 10 meters, the 60, 30, 17 and 12 meter bands also lack Extra-only segments.
• D. 60, 30, 17 and 12 meters are the HF bands where General licensees have the same privileges as Amateur Extra, with no exclusive segments.

Pool citation: 97.301(b)

C. 21300 kHz

The 15 meter band runs from 21.000 to 21.450 MHz, and 47 CFR 97.301(d) gives General class operators 21.025 to 21.200 MHz and 21.275 to 21.450 MHz. Dividing kHz by 1000 gives MHz, so 21300 kHz is 21.300 MHz, inside the General phone segment.

• A. 14250 kHz is 14.250 MHz, in the 20 meter band (inside General's 20 meter phone segment), not 15 meters.
• B. 18155 kHz is 18.155 MHz, in the 17 meter band.
• D. 24900 kHz is 24.900 MHz, in the 12 meter band.

Pool citation: 97.301(d)

D. The portion above 29.5 MHz

Under 47 CFR 97.205(b), a repeater may receive and retransmit only on 10 meters and shorter wavelengths, excluding several segments that include 28.0 to 29.5 MHz. On 10 meters that leaves only 29.5 to 29.7 MHz, so both the input and the output of a 10 meter repeater must be in that range.

• A. 28.0 to 29.5 MHz is excluded from repeater use, so the entire band is not available.
• B. 28.1 to 28.2 MHz is inside the excluded 28.0 to 29.5 MHz range; it is part of the RTTY and data segment.
• C. 28.3 to 28.5 MHz is inside the excluded range; it is the phone segment where Technicians may use SSB.

Pool citation: 97.205(b)

B. The upper frequency portion

Where General class operators share a phone segment with higher classes, 47 CFR 97.301(d) gives them the top of it: 3.800 to 4.000 MHz on 75 meters, 7.175 to 7.300 MHz on 40 meters, 14.225 to 14.350 MHz on 20 meters and 21.275 to 21.450 MHz on 15 meters. The lower part of each phone segment is reserved for Amateur Extra and Advanced operators.

• A. The lower part of each phone segment (for example 14.150 to 14.225 MHz) is reserved for Amateur Extra and Advanced licensees.
• C. General phone is never the lower portion; on 40 meters it is 7.175 to 7.300 MHz, the upper portion of the 7.125 to 7.300 MHz phone segment.
• D. The pattern does not reverse above 14.150 MHz; General phone is also the upper portion on 20 meters (14.225 to 14.350 MHz) and 15 meters (21.275 to 21.450 MHz).

Pool citation: 97.301

C. 200 feet

Under 47 CFR 97.15(a), antenna structures more than 60.96 meters (200 feet) above ground level, or located near or at a public use airport, require FAA notification and FCC registration under Part 17. Away from airports, a structure up to 200 feet needs neither.

• A. 50 feet is well below the 200 foot threshold in 97.15(a).
• B. 100 feet is not the threshold; away from airports, notification starts above 200 feet.
• D. 250 feet is above the 200 foot threshold, so a structure that tall must be reported to the FAA and registered with the FCC.

Pool citation: 97.15(a)

A. No more than one beacon station may transmit in the same band from the same station location

Under 47 CFR 97.203(b), a beacon must not transmit on more than one channel at a time in the same band from the same station location. In practice, one location may run only one beacon signal per band.

• B. No FCC rule requires beacon frequencies to be coordinated with a national beacon organization.
• C. No rule requires a beacon's frequency to be posted online or published; 97.203 limits channels, power and automatic control, not publicity.
• D. Only the one-channel-per-band limit comes from 97.203; coordination and publication are not required.

Pool citation: 97.203(b)

A. Observation of propagation and reception

47 CFR 97.3(a)(9) defines a beacon as an amateur station transmitting communications for the purposes of observation of propagation and reception or other related experimental activities. Hearing a known beacon tells you whether a band is open to that beacon's location.

• B. Repeaters identify themselves under 97.119; identifying repeaters is not a beacon's purpose.
• C. Bulletins of general interest to amateurs are information bulletins, sent as one-way transmissions under 97.111(b)(6), not beacon transmissions.
• D. Only observation of propagation and reception is a beacon purpose in 97.3(a)(9); the other two describe different functions.

Pool citation: 97.3(a)(9)

C. Occasional retransmission of weather and propagation forecast information from US government stations

47 CFR 97.113(c) prohibits retransmitting signals from non-amateur stations, with exceptions that include propagation and weather forecast information intended for the general public and originated by US Government stations. Those retransmissions must be occasional, as an incident of normal amateur communications, not on a regular basis.

• A. No station may transmit unidentified communications or signals (97.119(a)), whatever their length or purpose.
• B. Under 97.113(d), only auxiliary, repeater and space stations may automatically retransmit other amateur signals.
• D. 97.113(a)(4) prohibits messages encoded to obscure their meaning whether or not a crime is intended; facilitating a criminal act is a separate prohibition.

Pool citation: 97.113(c)

B. Transmissions to assist with learning the International Morse code

47 CFR 97.111(b)(5) authorizes one-way transmissions necessary to assist persons learning, or improving proficiency in, the international Morse code. Scheduled code practice transmissions fall under this rule.

• A. Every transmission must be identified (97.119(a)); being short or a test does not exempt it.
• C. 97.113(a)(3)(ii) allows notices that amateur equipment is for sale or trade only when this is not done on a regular basis.
• D. Unidentified tests and regular sale offerings are not permitted, so only Morse code instruction qualifies.

Pool citation: 97.111((5)(b)

D. Amateur Service communications must be reasonably accommodated, and regulations must constitute the minimum practical to accommodate a legitimate purpose of the state or local entity

47 CFR 97.15(b) and the FCC's PRB-1 ruling (1985) say state and local regulation of amateur antenna structures must not preclude amateur communications; it must reasonably accommodate them and be the minimum practicable regulation to accomplish the local authority's legitimate purpose. Local governments may regulate antennas, but only within those limits.

• A. FCC rules do not bar all local regulation; PRB-1 allows it if it reasonably accommodates amateur communications.
• B. Local authority is not unlimited and involves no FCC filings; PRB-1 requires reasonable accommodation and the minimum practicable regulation.
• C. PRB-1 sets no height or visibility thresholds such as 50 feet or 1,000 feet.

Pool citation: 97.15(b), PRB-1, 101 FCC 2d 952 (1985)

B. They may be used if they do not obscure the meaning of a message

47 CFR 97.113(a)(4) prohibits messages encoded for the purpose of obscuring their meaning. Abbreviations and procedural signals such as Q signals, prosigns and “73” are widely understood, so they are permitted as long as they do not obscure the meaning of a message.

• A. Q signals are one kind of abbreviation; prosigns and other common abbreviations are also allowed.
• C. Part 97 does not ban abbreviations or procedural signals; it bans codes meant to hide meaning.
• D. Part 97 contains no list of approved abbreviations or procedural signals.

Pool citation: 97.113(a)(4)

B. When the contact is with amateurs in any country except those whose administrations have notified the ITU that they object to such communications

47 CFR 97.111(a)(1) authorizes two-way communication with amateur stations in other countries, except those whose administrations have notified the ITU that they object to such communications. International contacts are allowed by default.

• A. Third-party agreements govern messages sent on behalf of third parties (97.115(a)(2)), not ordinary contacts between amateurs.
• C. United Nations membership plays no role; the only exception is a country that has objected through the ITU.
• D. The IARU is a federation of national amateur radio societies, not governments, and membership in it does not decide who may be contacted.

Pool citation: 97.111(a)(1)

D. 28.20 MHz to 28.30 MHz

Under 47 CFR 97.203(d), a beacon may be automatically controlled only on 28.20 to 28.30 MHz, 50.06 to 50.08 MHz, 144.275 to 144.300 MHz, 222.05 to 222.06 MHz, 432.300 to 432.400 MHz, and the 33 cm and shorter wavelength bands. The only HF segment on that list is 28.20 to 28.30 MHz.

• A. No power level exempts a beacon from the listed segments; automatic control depends on frequency, not power.
• B. Sending Morse code does not allow an automatically controlled beacon outside the listed segments.
• C. 21.08 to 21.09 MHz is not among the segments in 97.203(d); there is no automatic beacon segment on 15 meters.

Pool citation: 97.203(d)

C. 100 watts PEP output

Under 47 CFR 97.203(c), the transmitter power of a beacon must not exceed 100 W. The limit applies to every beacon, on any band.

• A. 10 watts PEP is the limit for spread spectrum emissions (97.313(j)), not beacons.
• B. 20 watts is not a limit in 97.203; beacons may run up to 100 W.
• D. 200 watts PEP is the limit on 30 meters and for Novice and Technician HF segments (97.313(c)), not for beacons.

Pool citation: 97.203(c)

A. The FCC

47 CFR 97.101(a) requires every amateur station to be operated in accordance with good engineering and good amateur practice in all respects not specifically covered by the rules. Because that requirement is an FCC rule, the FCC decides what meets it when it reviews or enforces station operation.

• B. The control operator must follow good practice but does not define it; the FCC makes that determination.
• C. The IEEE is a professional engineering organization with no authority over amateur station operation.
• D. The ITU sets international radio regulations among nations but does not judge the operating practice of individual US stations.

Pool citation: 97.101(a)

A. 200 watts PEP output

10.140 MHz is in the 30 meter band (10.100 to 10.150 MHz), where 47 CFR 97.313(c)(1) limits every station to 200 W PEP output, whatever the license class.

• B. 1000 watts is not a limit anywhere in 97.313.
• C. 1500 watts PEP is the general maximum in 97.313(b), but 30 meters has a lower 200 W limit.
• D. 2000 watts exceeds the 1.5 kW PEP maximum that applies on every band.

Pool citation: 97.313(c)(1)

C. 1500 watts PEP output

The 12 meter band (24.890 to 24.990 MHz) has no special power limit, so the general maximum in 47 CFR 97.313(b) applies: 1.5 kW (1500 W) PEP output. 97.313(a) still requires the minimum power necessary for the communication.

• A. 50 W PEP applies in special cases such as 219 to 220 MHz and parts of 70 cm and 33 cm, not on 12 meters.
• B. 200 W PEP is the limit on 30 meters, not 12 meters.
• D. A limit stated as effective radiated power relative to a half-wave dipole applies on 60 meters (97.313(i)), not 12 meters.

Pool citation: 97.313

A. 2.8 kHz

On 60 meters, 47 CFR 97.303(h)(3) and 97.307(f)(14)(i) limit every emission to a bandwidth of 2.8 kHz, about the width of one SSB voice signal. Since the 60 meter restructuring took effect on 2026-02-13, this limit applies to all 60 meter spectrum under 97.303(h)(3), including the new 5351.5 to 5366.5 kHz segment, and Part 97 no longer describes the band in terms of USB frequencies.

• B. 5.6 kHz is twice the 2.8 kHz limit, about the width of a double-sideband AM voice signal.
• C. 1.8 kHz is narrower than the rule requires; emissions up to 2.8 kHz are allowed.
• D. 3 kHz exceeds the 2.8 kHz limit.

Pool citation: 97.303(h)(1)

A. If you are using an antenna other than a dipole, you must keep a record of the gain of your antenna

Power on 60 meters is limited as effective radiated power (100 W ERP on the four channels and 9.15 W ERP in the 5351.5 to 5366.5 kHz segment), so antenna gain matters. Under 47 CFR 97.313(i), a half-wave dipole is presumed to have a gain of 1 (0 dBd), and licensees using any other antenna must keep the manufacturer's gain data or their own gain calculations in the station records.

• B. No rule requires a 60 meter log of date, time, frequency, power and stations worked; the 60 meter record requirement covers antenna gain.
• C. Part 97 does not require a record of third-party traffic on 60 meters or anywhere else.
• D. The equipment manufacturer and antenna used are not required records; only antenna gain data or calculations are.

Pool citation: 97.303(i)

C. 1500 watts PEP output

The 10 meter (28 MHz) band has no special power limit for General class operators, so 47 CFR 97.313(b) sets the maximum at 1.5 kW (1500 W) PEP output. The 200 W PEP limit on 28.0 to 28.5 MHz in 97.313(c)(2) applies only to Novice and Technician control operators.

• A. 100 watts is a common transceiver output, not a legal limit for General operators on 10 meters.
• B. 1000 watts is not a limit anywhere in 97.313.
• D. 2000 watts exceeds the 1.5 kW PEP maximum for every band.

Pool citation: 97.313

D. 1500 watts PEP output

The 160 meter band (1.8 to 2.0 MHz) has no special power limit, so the general maximum in 47 CFR 97.313(b) applies: 1.5 kW (1500 W) PEP output.

• A. 200 W PEP applies on 30 meters and in the Novice and Technician HF segments, not on 160 meters.
• B. 1000 watts is not a limit in 97.313.
• C. 1200 watts is not a limit in 97.313.

Pool citation: 97.313

C. Publicly document the technical characteristics of the protocol

Under 47 CFR 97.309(a)(4), a station sending RTTY or data with a specified digital code may use any technique whose technical characteristics have been documented publicly, such as CLOVER, G-TOR or PACTOR. Public documentation lets other stations decode and monitor the transmissions, so the protocol does not obscure their meaning.

• A. Amateur equipment does not need FCC type certification to use a new protocol.
• B. No experimental license is needed; the amateur license already covers publicly documented techniques.
• D. No rulemaking proposal is needed; 97.309(a)(4) already authorizes any publicly documented technique.

Pool citation: 97.309(a)(4)

D. PEP output from the transmitter

Part 97 states power limits as transmitter output in peak envelope power, for example 1.5 kW PEP in 47 CFR 97.313(b). Under 97.3(b)(9), PEP is the average power supplied to the antenna transmission line by the transmitter during one RF cycle at the crest of the modulation envelope, so it is measured at the transmitter output.

• A. RMS output is not the measure in the rules; power limits are stated in PEP.
• B. The rules use PEP at the transmitter output, not RMS power at the antenna.
• C. Power reaching the antenna is reduced by feed line loss; the rules measure PEP where the transmitter feeds the transmission line.

Pool citation: 97.313

A. Any person who can demonstrate that they once held an FCC-issued General, Advanced, or Amateur Extra class license that was not revoked by the FCC

Under 47 CFR 97.505(a), a license that has expired beyond the grace period still earns exam credit: Elements 3 and 4 for an expired Amateur Extra, and Element 3 for an expired General, Advanced, or Technician license granted before March 21, 1987. The person must still pass Element 2, which is why the credit is partial.

• B. 97.505 sets no 5 to 15 year window; a qualifying expired license earns credit no matter when it expired.
• C. 97.505 gives credit only for FCC-issued licenses; a license from another country earns no exam credit.
• D. Expired Novice and Technician Plus licenses, and Technician licenses granted on or after March 21, 1987, earn no credit under 97.505(a).

Pool citation: 97.501, 97.505(a)

C. Technician only

Under 47 CFR 97.509(b)(3), a VE must hold General, Advanced or Amateur Extra class to administer the Technician exam, Advanced or Amateur Extra for the General exam, and Amateur Extra for the Amateur Extra exam. A General class VE may therefore administer only the Technician exam.

• A. Administering the General exam requires an Advanced or Amateur Extra class VE (97.509(b)(3)(ii)).
• B. General class licensees can be accredited VEs; 97.509(b)(3)(i) lets them give the Technician exam.
• D. Only Amateur Extra class VEs may administer all three exams.

Pool citation: 97.509(b)(3)(i)

C. On any General or Technician class band segment

Under 47 CFR 97.9(b), a licensee who has passed the exam for a higher class and holds a CSCE may use that class's privileges until the upgrade is granted or 365 days pass, whichever comes first. A Technician with a General CSCE may operate on any General or Technician segment, adding the “AG” indicator when using General privileges (97.119(f)(2)).

• A. The CSCE grants General privileges right away; there is no need to wait for the database update.
• B. 97.9(b) does not depend on a fee receipt; the CSCE and the application submitted to the VEs authorize the higher privileges.
• D. 30 and 60 meters are General privileges, and the CSCE covers all General privileges with no exceptions.

Pool citation: 97.9(b)

A. At least three Volunteer Examiners of General class or higher

Under 47 CFR 97.509, every exam is administered by a team of at least three accredited VEs (paragraph (a)), each administering VE must observe the examinee throughout the exam (paragraph (c)), and a Technician exam requires VEs holding General, Advanced or Amateur Extra licenses (paragraph (b)(3)(i)). That means at least three VEs of General class or higher.

• B. Two VEs are not enough; 97.509(a) requires a team of at least three.
• C. Two VEs are too few, and Technician licensees cannot administer any exam.
• D. Technician licensees cannot administer exams; a Technician exam needs VEs of General class or higher.

Pool citation: 97.509(3)(i)(c)

A. A US operator/primary station license

Under 47 CFR 97.7, the control operator of a US amateur station must be a person whose amateur operator/primary station license grant appears in the FCC's ULS database. Where the control operator sits does not change this: the station transmits in the US under FCC rules, so controlling it from abroad requires a US license.

• B. The FCC issues no special remote station permit; the US operator/primary station license is all that is required.
• C. A foreign license plus a portable indicator does not meet 97.7; the separate reciprocal authority in 97.107 applies only to non-US citizens under a reciprocal arrangement, and identification does not create it.
• D. The FCC issues no special remote station permit, and a foreign license alone does not make someone the control operator of a US station.

Pool citation: 97.7

A. Whenever they operate using General class frequency privileges

Under 47 CFR 97.119(f)(2), a control operator using General privileges under 97.9(b) while an upgrade from Technician is pending must add the indicator “AG” after the call sign. The indicator is needed only when using the new General privileges, and only until the upgrade appears in the FCC database.

• B. On frequencies the Technician license already covers, no indicator is required.
• C. Technician privileges are already authorized by the license, so they need no indicator.
• D. Filing the application is not enough; until the upgrade shows in the database, “AG” is required whenever General privileges are used.

Pool citation: 97.119(f)(2)

C. A Volunteer Examiner Coordinator

Under 47 CFR 97.509(b)(1) and 97.525, each VE must be accredited by the coordinating VEC (Volunteer Examiner Coordinator). The VEC decides whether a person meets the qualifications and is suitable to administer exams.

• A. The FCC enters into agreements with VECs (97.521) but does not accredit individual VEs.
• B. The ULS is the FCC's licensing database and filing system, not an accrediting organization.
• D. The Wireless Telecommunications Bureau is the part of the FCC that handles amateur licensing, but VE accreditation is done by VECs.

Pool citation: 97.509(b)(1)

B. The person must hold an FCC granted amateur radio license of General class or above

47 CFR 97.509(b) lists the VE requirements: accreditation by the coordinating VEC, age 18 or older, an FCC-granted amateur license of the right class (General or higher), and no license ever revoked or suspended. Citizenship is not on the list, so a non-US citizen with an FCC General class or higher license can be a VE.

• A. No residency period is required of VEs.
• C. Citizenship and ITU region play no part in VE eligibility.
• D. Non-US citizens can be VEs; the rules set no citizenship requirement.

Pool citation: 97.509(b)(3)

C. 365 days

Under 47 CFR 97.505(b), VEs must give credit for each element a CSCE shows was passed within the previous 365 days. The same 365 day period limits the higher-class privileges a CSCE allows under 97.9(b).

• A. 30 days is far shorter than the 365 days the rules allow.
• B. 180 days is about half of the 365 day validity period.
• D. CSCE credit ends after 365 days, regardless of when your current license expires.

Pool citation: 97.9(b)

B. 18 years

Under 47 CFR 97.509(b)(2), each administering VE must be at least 18 years of age. Part 97 sets no minimum age for holding a license, but it does set one for giving exams.

• A. 16 is younger than the 18 year minimum in 97.509(b)(2).
• C. 21 is older than required; the minimum is 18.
• D. VEs do have an age limit: they must be at least 18.

Pool citation: 97.509(b)(2)

D. The applicant must show proof of the appropriate expired license grant and pass the current Element 2 exam

Once the 2 year grace period in 47 CFR 97.21(b) has passed, a license can no longer be renewed, so a new one must be earned. Under 97.505(a), proof of an expired General (or Advanced) license earns credit for Element 3, so the applicant passes Element 2, the Technician exam, to receive a new General license.

• A. No FCC letter is required, and a commercial license earns no amateur exam credit.
• B. Proof of the expired license earns credit for Element 3 only; Element 2 must still be passed.
• C. After the grace period the FCC cannot renew or reinstate the license (97.21(b)); a new license must be obtained by examination.

Pool citation: 97.505

C. Only those of the remote station’s country

FCC amateur rules govern stations at places where the amateur service is regulated by the FCC (47 CFR 97.5(a) and the introduction to 97.301). A station physically located in South America transmits under that country's rules even when its control operator is in the US, so only the remote station's country's regulations apply.

• A. The FCC does not regulate a transmitter located in another country, so its rules do not add to the host country's.
• B. FCC third-party rules apply to stations under FCC jurisdiction; they do not govern a station located in another country.
• D. FCC rules apply to stations within FCC jurisdiction, and this station transmits from South America.

Pool citation: 97.507

A. The third party’s amateur license has been revoked and not reinstated

Under 47 CFR 97.115(b)(2), a third party may not take part in stating a message if they are a former licensee whose license was revoked and who has not been relicensed; the same applies to certain suspensions and to anyone under a cease and desist order. Otherwise, anyone may be a third party while the control operator is present and supervising.

• B. Third parties need not be US citizens; 97.115 has no citizenship requirement.
• C. A third party may speak any language; English is required only for station identification by phone (97.119(b)(2)).
• D. Citizenship and language do not disqualify a third party; only the revoked license does.

Pool citation: 97.115(b)(2)

D. Only if the 10-meter repeater control operator holds at least a General class license

Under 47 CFR 97.205(b), the only 10 meter frequencies a repeater may use are 29.5 to 29.7 MHz, which are outside Technician privileges. A repeater transmits under the privileges of its own control operator (97.205(a) and 97.105(b)), so it may retransmit a Technician's 2 meter signal on 10 meters only if the repeater control operator holds General class or higher.

• A. The retransmission is legal when the 10 meter repeater's control operator holds General class or higher.
• B. No Special Temporary Authorization is needed; the repeater control operator's license class is what matters.
• C. No emergency declaration is required; the repeater control operator's privileges determine what it may transmit.

Pool citation: 97.205(b)

A. The station initiating the contact must be under local or remote control

Outside the automatic-control segments, 47 CFR 97.221(c) allows a station to be automatically controlled while sending RTTY or data only when it is responding to interrogation by a station under local or remote control, and its transmissions occupy no more than 500 Hz. The station that starts the contact must therefore have a control operator at its control point.

• B. The rule requires the interrogating station to be under local or remote control; two automatically controlled stations may communicate only in the segments of 97.221(b).
• C. Third-party traffic is allowed for automatically controlled RTTY and data stations (97.115(c)), so it is not banned here.
• D. No license class is specified; the interrogating station's control operator needs only privileges for the frequency in use.

Pool citation: 97.221

D. All these choices are correct

Part 97 requires specific steps to avoid interference in each of these cases: a station within 1600 meters (about 1 mile) of an FCC monitoring facility must protect it (97.13(b)), a station on a band where amateurs are secondary must not interfere with primary users (97.303), and a station sending spread spectrum must not interfere with stations using other authorized emissions (97.311(b)).

• A. True: under 97.13(b), a station within 1600 m of an FCC monitoring facility must protect it from harmful interference, but this is only one of the cases.
• B. True: secondary users must not cause harmful interference to primary users (97.303), but this is only one of the cases.
• C. True: spread spectrum stations must not interfere with stations using other authorized emissions (97.311(b)), but this is only one of the cases.

Pool citation: 97.13(b), 97.303, 97.311(b)

C. They must relate to amateur radio, or remarks of a personal character, or messages relating to emergencies or disaster relief

Under 47 CFR 97.117, communications with other countries are limited to matters incidental to the purposes of the amateur service and remarks of a personal character, and 97.115(a)(2) also allows emergency and disaster relief messages. Third-party messages to a country with a third-party agreement must stay within those topics.

• A. Emergency and disaster relief messages are allowed, but so are amateur radio topics and personal remarks.
• B. Third-party messages may be for anyone; the restriction is on their content, not on the recipient holding a license.
• D. Part 97 sets no 1-minute limit and no requirement to log the third party's name.

Pool citation: 97.115(a)(2), 97.117

C. Region 2

The ITU divides the world into three regions for frequency allocations. Region 2 covers North and South America, so operators in the continental US follow the Region 2 columns of the 47 CFR 97.301 tables.

• A. There is no ITU Region 4; the ITU uses three regions.
• B. Region 3 covers most of Asia and the Pacific, including Australia.
• D. Region 1 covers Europe, Africa, the Middle East and northern Asia.

Pool citation: 97.301, ITU Radio Regulations

D. No part

Under 47 CFR 97.111(a), an amateur station may hold two-way communications with other amateur stations and only a few specific non-amateur stations, such as stations in other FCC-regulated services during emergencies. Unlicensed Wi-Fi devices are not among them, so there is no part of the 2.4 GHz band where amateurs may communicate with them.

• A. Sharing the band with Wi-Fi does not authorize contact with Wi-Fi stations anywhere in it.
• B. Wi-Fi channels 1 through 4 lie inside the amateur 2390 to 2450 MHz segment, but overlapping frequencies do not permit contact with unlicensed stations.
• C. 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi channels are numbered 1 to 14, so channels 42 through 45 are not in this band, and contact would not be allowed anyway.

Pool citation: 97.111

B. 10 watts

Under 47 CFR 97.313(j), no station may transmit with more than 10 W PEP output when using a spread spectrum emission.

• A. 100 milliwatts is far below the 10 W PEP limit in 97.313(j).
• C. 100 watts is the beacon power limit (97.203(c)), not the spread spectrum limit.
• D. 1500 watts PEP is the general maximum in 97.313(b); spread spectrum has a much lower 10 W limit.

Pool citation: 97.313(j)

A. A system of propagation beacon stations operates on those frequencies

The International Beacon Project, run by the Northern California DX Foundation (NCDXF) and the IARU, operates a worldwide network of propagation beacons that take turns transmitting on 14.100, 18.110, 21.150, 24.930 and 28.200 MHz. Transmitting on those frequencies would interfere with them, so keeping clear is good amateur practice under 47 CFR 97.101.

• B. Automatic digital stations use the segments in 97.221(b); on 20 meters those segments skip 14.0995 to 14.1005 MHz, leaving 14.100 MHz clear for the beacons.
• C. Part 97 sets aside no HF frequencies for emergency operation; 97.101(b) says no frequency is assigned for the exclusive use of any station.
• D. The FCC does not transmit bulletins on amateur frequencies.

Pool citation: 97.101

D. Anywhere in the 6-meter or shorter wavelength bands, and in limited segments of some of the HF bands

Under 47 CFR 97.221(b), a station may be automatically controlled while sending RTTY or data on 6 meters and all shorter wavelength bands, and on HF only in specific segments, such as 14.0950 to 14.0995 and 14.1005 to 14.112 MHz on 20 meters, 10.140 to 10.150 MHz on 30 meters and 28.120 to 28.189 MHz on 10 meters. Two automatically controlled digital stations may communicate with each other only there.

• A. Automatic control is limited to the segments in 97.221(b); elsewhere an automatic station may only respond to a locally or remotely controlled station, using no more than 500 Hz.
• B. On 10 meters, only 28.120 to 28.189 MHz is listed, not the whole non-phone segment.
• C. The HF segments in 97.221(b) are not Extra-only; they fall within General privileges, for example 3.585 to 3.600 MHz and 7.100 to 7.105 MHz.

Pool citation: 97.221, 97.305

A. Under any circumstances in which third party messages are permitted by FCC rules

47 CFR 97.115 limits third-party messages by destination and content, and bars them only under automatic control (except RTTY or data). Under remote control, the control operator is at the control point (97.109(c)), so third-party messages may be sent whenever the rules otherwise permit them.

• B. Third-party traffic is not limited to emergencies; routine traffic is allowed within US jurisdiction and to countries with third-party agreements.
• C. Third-party messages may be for anyone; there is no requirement that the recipient be a licensed amateur.
• D. Third-party messages may also go to countries with third-party agreements and, for emergencies or disaster relief, to any country (97.115(a)(2)).

Pool citation: 97.115